Fast food in American culture symbolizes the pursuit of the American Dream, reflecting the fast paced, convenience driven lifestyle many aspire to. However, it also exposes the economic and social challenges of achieving that dream.

Evidence of fast food can be found all the way back to Pompeii, but it obviously had a later start in America. Fast food itself took off because of the highway system that was built in the 1950s and the1960s. American’s started driving more than ever before and we rearranged our cities based on car travel, for better or worse”. (Diamond) To capitalize on this changing and expanding landscape, fast food business were developed to cater to the new “on-the-go” American lifestyle (Diamond). Starting with the first White Castle in the 1920’s, to McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken businesses thrived and became more efficient. Drive through windows and more rapid streamlined production along with franchises allowed for even further expansion. These original founders of all the new fast-food companies represent exactly what we think of as the American dream- humble origins, growing up without money and can be successful later in life despite their struggles (Diamond). Fast food chains like McDonald’s and Burger King have become symbols of American culture, representing both success and excess (Ritzer). They symbolize American values of convenience and free enterprise, reflecting the nation’s focus on efficiency and economic opportunity. At the same time, their substantial portion sizes and marketing strategies highlight a culture of indulgence and abundance, illustrating the paradox of achieving success while engaging in excessive consumption (Ritzer). In the end, the fast-food culture exemplifies the unattainability of the American Dream for many, as the pursuit of convenience and success often leads to unintended consequences to our health and wellbeing.

With a hectic schedule that includes multiple jobs and kids involved in various sports, our family is constantly on the go. Finding time to prepare and enjoy home-cooked meals is a challenge, so fast food often becomes the most practical solution. It is not just about convenience; it’s about making sure everyone is fed and fueled for their activities, even if it means grabbing something quick between night classes for my mom to teach, dual enrollment classes for me to attend after school, and both my brother’s and my practices and games. While we understand the importance of healthy eating, fast food allows us to keep up with our busy lives without sacrificing the time we need for work and family commitments. If anything, we are the typical middle class American family where fast food has often come to our rescue.

Our family’s reliance on fast food mirrors a widespread cultural phenomenon where time constraints and the pressures of modern life make convenience a necessity rather than a choice. This personal experience underscores a larger narrative in American culture. The American Dream represents that pursuit of upward social mobility, the classic success story, or the idea of the self-made person. It often suggests the image of a house with a white picket fence, symbolizing economic independence and security. For many, the phrase is synonymous with the idea of America as the land of opportunity. (Churchwell)

The fast-paced lifestyle associated with the pursuit of success aligns closely with the convenience of fast food, as both emphasize efficiency and timesaving. In a society where reaching goals and advancing socially are often prioritized, individuals frequently find themselves balancing work, family, and personal aspirations with limited time. Fast food provides a quick and convenient meal option that fits into this busy routine without causing major disruptions (Schlosser; Ritzer). By offering a way to eat on the go, it allows people to remain focused on their objectives while minimizing the time spent on food preparation (Jabs ; Devine). As a result, fast food supports the demands of a fast-paced, success-driven lifestyle by ensuring that basic needs are met without compromising the ability to keep up with daily responsibilities (Rozin et al.).

The demand for quick, convenient meals, like fast food, is deeply connected to the pursuit of the American Dream, where long work hours and multiple jobs are often necessary to achieve upward mobility and financial stability. For many, the relentless drive to succeed and secure a better future means sacrificing time that would otherwise be spent on home-cooked meals. Fast food becomes an essential part of this lifestyle, offering a practical solution that allows individuals to maximize their productivity without interrupting their busy schedules. By providing a quick and effortless way to fuel up, fast food supports the relentless pace required to pursue economic goals, making it an integral part of the modern-day quest for the American Dream. Nestle tells us in her book Food Politics that when it comes to the mass production and consumption of food, strategic decisions are driven by economics and not science, not common sense, and not health of consumers (Nestle). With this drive, American health has been victimized by the fast-food movement. We live in this fast-paced world where almost anything can be obtained quickly (and we are used to speed and convenience), but this convenience can sometimes be harmful, particularly with food. Fast food chains prioritize speed, which often leads to unhealthy meals high in calories and fat compared to home-cooked options (Coyle). The affordability of unhealthy fast-food items, driven by the low costs of ingredients like corn syrup, makes them more appealing, especially in lower-income communities where healthy options are limited (Huzar). The excess of fast-food restaurants in neighborhoods contributes to poor dietary habits, especially among those with fewer resources, perpetuating a cycle of unhealthy eating (Coyle). This issue also extends to school cafeterias, where the availability and choice of food can significantly impact students’ health.

Fast food has historically provided a low-cost meal solution that fits within tight budgets in comparison to slow food sources, like farm to table meals and fresh ingredients. For individuals working multiple jobs or long hours in pursuit of financial stability and upward mobility, the affordability of fast food is a significant advantage (Schlosser). Compared to healthier meal options that can be more expensive due to the costs of fresh produce and nutritious ingredients, fast food offers a more budget-friendly alternative (Drewnowski). Achieving the American Dream often involves long work hours and a demanding schedule. Fast food’s convenience allows individuals to quickly obtain a meal without the time investment required for cooking and meal preparation. This efficiency aligns with the fast-paced lifestyle necessary to balance work and personal aspirations (Jabs; Devine). For many, financial constraints limit food choices, making fast food a practical option. The lower prices of fast-food items appeal to those managing limited resources, as they offer a substantial meal at a lower cost compared to healthier, often pricier, alternatives (Beaulac; Kristjansson; Cummins). While fast food helps manage immediate financial constraints, its long-term health impacts can contribute to further financial strain. Health issues resulting from a diet high in fast food can lead to increased medical expenses, perpetuating a cycle of financial and health challenges (Drewnowski).

Fast food has become a defining element of American culture, embodying the hustle of modern life and the challenges of achieving the American Dream. It reflects a lifestyle where efficiency and convenience are paramount, often at the expense of health and well-being. Personally, my family’s reliance on fast food highlights the practical necessity of quick meals amid our busy lives, but it also underscores the broader societal issues linked to striving for success in a time-strapped world. As we consider the future, it becomes crucial to question whether the American Dream is achievable in a society where speed and convenience often overshadow health and happiness. A shift toward sustainable practices and healthier living might be necessary to truly realize the promise of the American Dream

Works Cited

Books:

Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Routledge, 1984.

Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Houghton Mifflin

            Harcourt, 2001.

Nestle, Marion. Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health.

            University of California Press, 2007.

Ritzer, George. The McDonaldization of Society. SAGE Publications, 2014.

Websites/Journals:

Churchwell, Sarah. “A Brief History of the American Dream.” George W. Bush Presidential Center, 21 Nov. 2022, www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/state-of-the-american-dream/churchwell-history-of-the-american-dream.

Diamond, Anna. “A Crispy, Salty, American History of Fast Food.” Smithsonian.Com, Smithsonian Institution, 24 June 2019, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/crispy-salty-american-history-fast-food-180972459/#:~:text=Fast%20food%20%5Btook%20off%5D%20in,the%2Dgo%20kind%20of%20lifestyle.

Jabs, Jennifer, and Carol M. Devine. “Time scarcity and food choices: An overview.” Appetite, vol. 47, no. 2, Sept. 2006, pp. 196–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.02.014.

Rozin, Paul, et al. “Fast Food and Cultural Values.” Appetite, vol. 79, 2014, pp. 165-176.

Smith, Andrew F., editor. Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food. Greenwood Press, 2006.

I missed this originally as I did not realize I needed to post this upon set up of my blog! I prefer reading on the screen- I find it much more comfortable and portable. I can read anywhere on my phone or my laptop. I found that with COVID and our required Chromebooks and at home learning I grew accustomed to using only a screen. It seems that habit has now stuck with me!

Fast food in American culture symbolizes the pursuit of the American Dream, representing the fast-paced, convenience-driven lifestyle that many aspire to but reveals the economic and social challenges of achieving that dream. The reliance on fast food reflects a broader cultural narrative of struggling for success in a society where time is a scarce resource, and the costs of convenience often outweigh the benefits.

With a hectic schedule that includes multiple jobs and kids involved in various sports, our family is constantly on the go. Finding time to prepare and enjoy home-cooked meals is a challenge, so fast food often becomes the most practical solution. It is not just about convenience; it’s about making sure everyone is fed and fueled for their activities, even if it means grabbing something quick between night classes for my mom to teach, dual enrollment classes for me to attend after school, and both my brother’s and my practices and games. While we understand the importance of healthy eating, fast food allows us to keep up with our busy lives without sacrificing the time we need for work and family commitments. If anything, we are the typical middle class American family where fast food has often come to our rescue.

Evidence of fast food can be found all the way back to Pompeii, but it obviously had a later start in America. Fast food itself took off because of the highway system that was built in the 1950s and the1960s. American’s started driving more than ever before and we rearranged our cities based on car travel, for better or worse”. (Diamond) To capitalize on this changing and expanding landscape, fast food business were developed to cater to the new “on-the-go” American lifestyle (Diamond). Starting with the first White Castle in the 1920’s, to McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken businesses thrived and became more efficient. Drive through windows and more rapid streamlined production along with franchises allowed for even further expansion. These original founders of all the new fast-food companies represent exactly what we think of as the American dream- humble origins, growing up without money and can be successful later in life despite their struggles (Diamond).

Fast food in American culture symbolizes the pursuit of the American Dream, embodying the fast-paced, convenience-driven lifestyle that many aspire to but ultimately reveals the economic and social challenges of achieving that dream.

The American Dream represents the pursuit of upward social mobility, the classic success story, or the idea of the self-made person. It often suggests the image of a house with a white picket fence, symbolizing economic independence and security. For many, the phrase is synonymous with the idea of America as the land of opportunity (Churchwell).

The fast-paced lifestyle associated with the pursuit of success aligns closely with the convenience of fast food, as both emphasize efficiency and timesaving. In a society where reaching goals and advancing socially are often prioritized, individuals frequently find themselves balancing work, family, and personal aspirations with limited time. Fast food provides a quick and convenient meal option that fits into this busy routine without causing major disruptions (Schlosser & Ritzer). By offering a way to eat on the go, it allows people to remain focused on their objectives while minimizing the time spent on food preparation (Jabs & Devine). As a result, fast food supports the demands of a fast-paced, success-driven lifestyle by ensuring that basic needs are met without compromising the ability to keep up with daily responsibilities (Rozin et al.).

The demand for quick, convenient meals, like fast food, is deeply connected to the pursuit of the American Dream, where long work hours and multiple jobs are often necessary to achieve upward mobility and financial stability. For many, the relentless drive to succeed and secure a better future means sacrificing time that would otherwise be spent on home-cooked meals. Fast food becomes an essential part of this lifestyle, offering a practical solution that allows individuals to maximize their productivity without interrupting their busy schedules. By providing a quick and effortless way to fuel up, fast food supports the relentless pace required to pursue economic goals, making it an integral part of the modern-day quest for the American Dream. Nestle tells us in her book Food Politics that when it comes to the mass production and consumption of food, strategic decisions are driven by economics and not science, not common sense, and not health of consumers (Nestle). The fast-food industry is controlled by industry wallets and heavily influences American eating habits.

American health has been victimized by the fast-food movement. We live in this fast-paced world where almost anything can be obtained quickly (and we are used to speed and convenience), but this convenience can sometimes be harmful, particularly with food. Fast food chains prioritize speed, which often leads to unhealthy meals high in calories and fat compared to home-cooked options (Coyle). The affordability of unhealthy fast-food items, driven by the low costs of ingredients like corn syrup, makes them more appealing, especially in lower-income communities where healthy options are limited (Huzar). The excess of fast-food restaurants in neighborhoods contributes to poor dietary habits, especially among those with fewer resources, perpetuating a cycle of unhealthy eating (Coyle). This issue also extends to school cafeterias, where the availability and choice of food can significantly impact students’ health.

Fast food provides a low-cost meal solution that fits within tight budgets. For individuals working multiple jobs or long hours in pursuit of financial stability and upward mobility, the affordability of fast food is a significant advantage (Schlosser). Compared to healthier meal options that can be more expensive due to the costs of fresh produce and nutritious ingredients, fast food offers a more budget-friendly alternative (Drewnowski). Achieving the American Dream often involves long work hours and a demanding schedule. Fast food’s convenience allows individuals to quickly obtain a meal without the time investment required for cooking and meal preparation. This efficiency aligns with the fast-paced lifestyle necessary to balance work and personal aspirations (Jabs, & Devine).

For many, financial constraints limit food choices, making fast food a practical option. The lower prices of fast-food items appeal to those managing limited resources, as they offer a substantial meal at a lower cost compared to healthier, often pricier, alternatives (Beaulac, Kristjansson & Cummins). While fast food helps manage immediate financial constraints, its long-term health impacts can contribute to further financial strain. Health issues resulting from a diet high in fast food can lead to increased medical expenses, perpetuating a cycle of financial and health challenges (Drewnowski).

Fast food chains like McDonald’s and Burger King have become symbols of American culture, representing both success and excess (Ritzer). They symbolize American values of convenience and free enterprise, reflecting the nation’s focus on efficiency and economic opportunity. At the same time, their substantial portion sizes and marketing strategies highlight a culture of indulgence and abundance, illustrating the paradox of achieving success while engaging in excessive consumption (Ritzer). In the end, the fast-food culture exemplifies the unattainability of the American Dream for many, as the pursuit of convenience and success often leads to unintended consequences to our health and wellbeing.

Fast food has become a defining element of American culture, embodying the hustle of modern life and the challenges of achieving the American Dream. It reflects a lifestyle where efficiency and convenience are paramount, often at the expense of health and well-being. Personally, my family’s reliance on fast food highlights the practical necessity of quick meals amid our busy lives, but it also underscores the broader societal issues linked to striving for success in a time-strapped world. As we look to the future, the question remains whether the American Dream can actually be realized in a society where speed and convenience, as epitomized by fast food, sometimes overshadow long-term health and true happiness. The ongoing tension between convenience and well-being suggests that the pursuit of success might need a reevaluation to align with healthier, more sustainable practices.

Works Cited

Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. Routledge, 1984.

“Crispy, Salty, and American: The History of Fast Food.” Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/crispy-salty-american-history-fast-food-180972459/. Accessed 18 Aug. 2024.

Churchwell, Sarah. “The History of the American Dream.” The Bush Center, https://www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/state-of-the-american-dream/churchwell-history-of-the-american-dream. Accessed 18 Aug. 2024.

Jabs, Jennifer, and Carol M. Devine. “Time Scarcity and Food Choices: An Overview.” Appetite, vol. 47, no. 2, 2006, pp. 196-204.

Nestle, Marion. Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. University of California Press, 2007.

Ritzer, George. The McDonaldization of Society. SAGE Publications, 2014.

Rozin, Paul, et al. “Fast Food and Cultural Values.” Appetite, vol. 79, 2014, pp. 165-176.

Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001.

Smith, Andrew F., editor. Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food. Greenwood Press, 2006.

This is a little late in posting as I wrote it weeks ago but didn’t realize we had to post here. So here it is…In retrospect, the revision process isn’t all that bad but, I am my own worst enemy. Throughout high school I would have such a hard time with anyone suggesting any new edits to my writing even though I knew writing was not easy for me. I struggle with criticism even as accepting it is essential, like mentioned in “The Maker’s Eye”, where the author tells us we must detach from our own page. I have trouble not defaulting back to what I originally wrote, or stubbornly digging my heels in on suggested changes. I know this is where I struggle and I am slowly learning to accept suggestions as offered and using them as inspiration to make better changes or links within my writing.

My goal moving forward is to see suggestions as ways to make my writing better, connect better with the reader and make my point come across more clearly and efficiently. I remember my mom listening to Anne Lamott in the car for her doctoral readings and I giggled at the idea of a “shitty first draft”. Only until that was suggested as a reading in this class did I even think about that again and boy did it make sense!! I wasn’t giggling anymore, I was the one struggling with drafts. I remember my mom struggling with draft after draft of her dissertation and I can only imagine how that felt and what level of focus it took for her. I have a hard enough time rewording a single page essay let alone almost 200! Here’s to me trying to make it through my shitty first drafts too!

It is interesting to compare slow vs fast food with how we eat in America. For many the new trend of “slow food” is chosen as a healthier option, is trendy, supports sustainable agriculture and minimizes the carbon footprint. One can also see the benefit of connecting to cultural heritage and food diversity by knowing where our food comes from and how it is prepared. “Alice Waters credits biodiversity and seasonality of food for slow food restaurant success, claiming limited menu items and changes with the seasons to patron satisfaction and food quality.” (Banas) On the other hand, the slow food movement brings with it some disadvantages that can significantly influence people’s ability to adapt to it. These include limited availability, longer preparation and a significant cost increase that is often unattainable in lower-income areas. (Nordhaus and Smith)If you look at the fast-food trends, many of the benefits come with increased availability of fast-food establishments that are quick, convenient, and most affordable for the hustle and bustle of working America. With convenience though comes inflated costs, unhealthy food options that come with higher health risks, mass produced processed foods, higher carbon footprints and increased packaging waste. While fast food focuses on the convenience aspect of America, slow food movements like what Alice Waters champions, fights fast-food dominance and looks toward sustainability, quality, health, and connection to food. “Waters firmly believes that we can all make a difference by purchasing and eating local ingredients, and that this food can and should be available to everyone, starting with children in the school system.” (Banas)

Works Cited

Banas, Anne. “Alice Waters: Food Revolutionary.” BBC News, BBC, 17 Nov. 2023, www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230214-alice-waters-food-revolutionary.

Nordhaus, Ted, and Alex Smith. “The Problem with Alice Waters and the ‘Slow Food’ Movement.” Jacobin, 12 Mar. 2021, jacobin.com/2021/12/organic-local-industrial-agriculture-farm-to-table/.

Food is more than mere sustenance; it is a profound reflection of cultural identity, history, and personal well-being. Michael Pollan and the nonprofit organization Oldways emphasize that embracing cultural food practices enhances both our health and happiness (Baer-Sinnott). Heritage-based diets, which celebrate traditional foods and methods passed down through generations around the globe, offer nutrition, sustainability, and joy. These practices are not only about feeding the body but also about connecting with our past and preserving cultural traditions. For example, food traditions from African and Gullah Geechee cultures provide rich insights into history and their influence on modern eating habits (Ndour). Ultimately, food plays a leading role in shaping cultural identity and well-being, emphasizing the need to respect and preserve diverse food traditions for healthier and more connected communities and “gastronationalism” denotes nation making practices that draw on food as a medium for expressing ideas of patrimony, distinction and collective belonging (Mincyte).

Food is not just a personal or cultural matter; it can be a powerful tool for expressing national identity and pride. The concept of gastronationalism highlights how food becomes intertwined with national identity and politics with the first coined example citing foie gras in French gastronationalism (Mincyte). Gastronationalism shows how food is used to express national identity, like with France’s use of foie gras to reinforce nationalism with globalization. In contrast, Hungary’s foie gras industry shows how globalization and EU regulations disadvantaged Hungarian producers, setting strict regulations against Hungary producing foie gras, highlighting the power dynamics in European food politics (Mincyte). The history of zeppelins in Lithuania shows how modern technology and nationalism came together, especially in the early 20th century (Mincyte). As zeppelins became a national dish, they highlighted the divide between rural and urban areas in nation-building, and today, they symbolize Lithuania’s efforts to define its identity within Europe. This reflects Lithuania’s challenge to overcome the idea of being seen as backward and to be recognized as a modern European nation (Mincyte). In addition, food labeling laws, such as the distinction between champagne and sparkling wine, are designed to protect national heritage and emphasize the unique qualities of a country’s culinary traditions (Jackson). These labels do more than just inform consumers—they assert the cultural and historical significance of certain foods, linking them directly to national identity.

Conflicts over food heritage often symbolize broader national and cultural tensions. The trademark disputes over hummus between Lebanon and Israel (Jackson) or the “pavlova wars” between Australia and New Zealand illustrate how food can become a battleground for asserting cultural ownership and pride. These conflicts are not merely about recipes; they are about who has the right to claim a cultural symbol that resonates deeply with national identity. In this way, food acts as a marker of class, evolving tastes, and national pride (Jackson).

The Food Culture Alliance emphasizes that changing dietary habits and encouraging sustainable food practices are key to addressing these problems (Ewing-Chow). To tackle global challenges like climate change, food insecurity, and health issues related to diet, it is essential to consider the cultural aspects of food systems and consumer behavior. By understanding the cultural dimensions of food, including the role of gastronationalism, we can better influence consumer choices toward more nutritious and environmentally friendly options that also honor national traditions (Mincyte).

Food also profoundly shapes and reflects individual cultural identities. It connects people to their heritage, religious practices, and community values (Dudenhoefer). For instance, second-generation American students often experience stress when they cannot access their cultural foods, which can affect their overall well-being. A study of students at the University of Nevada, Reno (Wright et al.) found that access to cultural foods improved their happiness and sense of connection, while the absence of these foods led to increased anxiety and depression. Ensuring that students have access to their cultural foods is crucial for their mental health and cultural connection in diverse college environments, especially when living away from home for the first time(Wright et al.). Beyond individual well-being, access to cultural foods is also tied to broader ideas of gastronationalism (Jackson). The ability to maintain and share traditional foods in a new environment can be a powerful assertion of cultural identity and national pride. For these students, eating foods from their cultural heritage is not just about comfort; it’s a way to maintain a connection to their homeland and assert their place in a multicultural society (Dudenhoefer). In this way, cultural foods have become a means of resisting adjustment and preserving unique national identities in a globalized world (Mincyte). Ensuring access to these foods in diverse environments like college campuses supports not only personal well-being but also the preservation and celebration of cultural and national identities.

In summary, food plays a significant role in shaping our cultural identities and overall well-being. By understanding and preserving food traditions while addressing modern dietary challenges, we can foster healthier individuals and more connected communities. Moreover, recognizing the role of food in national identity through gastronationalism underscores the importance of respecting and nurturing the diverse threads that weave together our shared human experience. Embracing food culture is not just about savoring flavors; it is about respecting and nurturing the complex intersections of culture, identity, and national pride that food embodies.

Annotated Bibliography

Baer-Sinnott, Sara. “Food Is a Window to Cultural Diversity | U.S. News.” USA News, health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/articles/food-is-a-window-to-cultural-diversity. Accessed 4 Aug. 2024.

The article emphasizes the importance of honoring cultural differences in eating for overall health and happiness, It discusses how heritage-based diets, which focus on traditional foods and practices passed down through generations, can provide nourishment, sustainability, and joy. The article also highlights how food traditions, such as those from African and Gullah Geechee cultures, reflect history and heritage, calls for cultural humility and awareness. U.S News is a legitimate source for information.

Ewing-Chow, Daphne. “New Movement Emphasizes the Role of Culture in Global Food Security.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 24 July 2024, www.forbes.com/sites/daphneewingchow/2024/03/31/policy-makers-should-not-overlook-the-role-of-culture-in-food-security/.

This source looks at how the Food Culture Alliance advocates for the pivotal role of food culture in transforming societal dietary habits, aiming to shape consumer preferences and behaviors towards more nutritious and sustainable food choices globally. Forbes is an internationally known source and is reliable.

Jackson, Ashawnta. “Food and Culture.” JSTOR DAILY, 2021, daily.jstor.org/food-and-culture/.

This article looks at food reflecting class divisions, changing tastes, regional differences, and deep connections to history, culture, and national pride. Here “gastronationalism,” is defined where food labeling is used to protect national heritage and demonstrates the complex interplay between food, national identity, and shared traditions.

Mincyte, Diana. “Unusual Ingredients: Gastronationalism, Globalization, Technology, and Zeppelins in the Lithuanian Imagination.” Anthropology of East Europe Review 29(2) Fall 2011, 2011, scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/aeer/article/download/1270/1323/5497.

This source explores the history of zeppelins in Lithuania, reflecting the intersection of modernity, technological advancements, and nationalism among rural and urban populations in the early 20th century. The adoption of zeppelins as a national dish highlighted the divide between rural and urban participation in nation-building, while today, they serve as a symbol of Lithuania’s negotiation of national identity in relation to European influences: Lithuania’s ongoing struggle with fears of provincialism and the desire to be recognized as a modern, legitimate European nation.

Ndour, Pape Abdou. “Food: Identity of Culture and Religion, Researchgate.” WATHI, 9 Sept. 2020, www.wathi.org/food-identity-of-culture-and-religion-researchgate/.

This source looks at how food significantly shapes cultural identity, linking individuals to their heritage and regional customs.. Investigating food traditions provides insights into cultural values and societal roles, emphasizing symbolic meanings and the importance of hospitality in various communities.

Dudenhoefer, Nicole. “A Taste of Home.” Pegasus Magazine, 15 Aug. 2022, www.ucf.edu/pegasus/a-taste-of-home/.

This article explores food as a central part of human experiences, from daily routines to special occasions, shaping and reflecting our relationships, cultures, and histories. The Philippines exemplifies this through its cuisine, which blends Asian, Spanish, and American influences, showcasing the country’s complex cultural history. Additionally, immigrants often adapt their culinary traditions to new environments, creating unique dishes that blend familiar and local ingredients, as seen in the experiences of international students and communities.

Wright, Kathrine E, et al. “The Impact That Cultural Food Security Has on Identity and Well-Being in the Second-Generation U.S. American Minority College Students.” Food Security, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829482/.

This article explores a study of sixteen students at the University of Nevada, Reno, showed that having access to cultural foods helps them feel happier and more connected, while not having them can increase anxiety and depression. Improving access to these foods can support their well-being in college.

The sources listed are relevant to the topic of food miles and their environmental impact. (I had no idea there was an expression called food miles before now!)The report includes good specific examples, like the greenhouse gases from transporting sugar snap peas from Guatemala.None of the paragraphs seem disorganized and you stay on topic. Connections seem solid. 

It’s important that the sources are up-to-date, but specific dates for these sources are not provided in the text so the relevance might be compromised if the sources are outdated. In prepping for an academic defense we need to be sure our info is exact and defended. 

In-text citations are missing and sources aren’t in MLA format with no annotations in the works cited page. Annotations should be a summary of the content and an evaluation of the source’s credibility. (I need to fix the credibility review in my annotations too as I forgot to include that part)

Possible plagiarism if not cited correctly or paraphrased correctly. 

Use more academic sources if possible. Is the conscious challenge a reliable source? I’m not familiar with it. I’d also recommend using a different source than world atlas too to make it more academic in nature. Guardian can sometimes be biased in their writing as well. 

Food is more than mere sustenance; it is a profound reflection of cultural identity, history, and personal well-being. Michael Pollan and the nonprofit organization Oldways emphasize that embracing cultural food practices enhances both our health and happiness (Baer-Sinnott). Heritage-based diets, which celebrate traditional foods and methods passed down through generations around the globe, offer nutrition, sustainability, and joy. These practices are not only about feeding the body but also about connecting with our past and preserving cultural traditions. For example, food traditions from African and Gullah Geechee cultures provide rich insights into history and their influence on modern eating habits (Ndour). Ultimately, food plays a central role in shaping cultural identity and well-being, emphasizing the need to respect and preserve diverse food traditions for healthier and more connected communities.

The Food Culture Alliance emphasizes that changing dietary habits and encouraging sustainable food practices are key to addressing these problems (Ewing-Chow). To tackle global challenges like climate change, food insecurity, and health issues related to diet, it’s essential to consider the cultural aspects of food systems and consumer behavior. By understanding the cultural dimensions of food, we can better influence consumer choices toward more nutritious and environmentally friendly options.

Food also serves as a marker of class, evolving tastes, and national pride. This is evident in concepts like “gastronationalism,” (Jackson) where food labeling protects national heritage, such as the distinction between champagne and sparkling wine. Conflicts over food heritage, like the trademark disputes over hummus between Lebanon and Israel, or the “pavlova wars” between Australia and New Zealand, show how food can symbolize broader national and cultural conflicts.

Modern food habits have shifted in the last century, leading to poor eating patterns and negative impacts on health (Mingay et al.). Rising obesity rates and diet-related diseases like type 2 diabetes highlight the need for a positive food culture. A shift in focus from individual behavior change to promoting a holistic food culture is essential for improving dietary habits and public health outcomes. This approach must address social, economic, technological, and political factors to be effective.

Food profoundly shapes and reflects cultural identity. It connects individuals to their heritage, religious practices, and community values (Dudenhoefer). For instance, second-generation American students often experience stress when they cannot access their cultural foods, which can affect their overall well-being. A study of students at the University of Nevada, Reno (Wright et al.), found that access to cultural foods improved their happiness and sense of connection, while the absence of these foods led to increased anxiety and depression. Ensuring that students have access to their cultural foods is crucial for their mental health and cultural connection in diverse college environments, especially when living away from home for the first time.

In summary, food plays a central role in shaping our cultural identities and overall well-being. By understanding and preserving food traditions while addressing modern dietary challenges, we can foster healthier individuals and more connected communities. Embracing food culture is not just about savoring flavors; it is about respecting and nurturing the diverse threads that weave together our shared human experience.

Annotated Bibliography

Baer-Sinnott, Sara. “Food Is a Window to Cultural Diversity | U.S. News.” USA News, health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/articles/food-is-a-window-to-cultural-diversity. Accessed 4 Aug. 2024. 

The article emphasizes the importance of honoring cultural differences in eating for overall health and happiness, a philosophy championed by Michael Pollan and practiced by the nonprofit Oldways. It discusses how heritage-based diets, which focus on traditional foods and practices passed down through generations, can provide nourishment, sustainability, and joy. The article also highlights how food traditions, such as those from African and Gullah Geechee cultures, reflect history and heritage, influencing modern eating habits. Finally, it advocates for cultural humility and awareness, suggesting that exploring and embracing diverse food traditions can foster better understanding and positive change.

Ewing-Chow, Daphne. “New Movement Emphasizes the Role of Culture in Global Food Security.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 24 July 2024, www.forbes.com/sites/daphneewingchow/2024/03/31/policy-makers-should-not-overlook-the-role-of-culture-in-food-security/. 

The interconnected global issues of climate change, food insecurity, and diet-related health problems are closely tied to food systems and consumer choices. To foster significant dietary shifts, transformative changes in both food supply and demand are essential. Understanding the cultural dimensions of food-related crises is increasingly recognized as a crucial step toward promoting inclusive, sustainable, and healthier diets. The Food Culture Alliance advocates for the pivotal role of food culture in transforming societal dietary habits, aiming to shape consumer preferences and behaviors towards more nutritious and sustainable food choices globally.

Jackson , Ashawnta. “Food and Culture.” JSTOR DAILY, 2021, daily.jstor.org/food-and-culture/. 

Food is more than mere sustenance; it reflects class divisions, changing tastes, regional differences, and deep connections to history, culture, and national pride. This is evident in “gastronationalism,” where food labeling is used to protect national heritage, such as the distinction between champagne and sparkling wine. Conflicts over food heritage, like the trademark battle over hummus between Lebanon and Israel, illustrate how food can symbolize broader national conflicts. Similarly, the “pavlova wars” between Australia and New Zealand over the origins of a dessert highlight the complex interplay between food, national identity, and shared traditions.

Mingay, Edwina, et al. “Why We Eat the Way We Do: A Call to Consider Food Culture in Public Health Initiatives.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 15 Nov. 2021, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623951/. 

The way we engage with food has changed significantly, resulting in poor eating patterns and negative impacts on physical and mental health worldwide. Dietary risk factors now drive the global burden of disease, with rising obesity rates and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like type 2 diabetes. Efforts to improve healthy eating have often focused on individual behavior change but have shown limited long-term efficacy. There is a call for a shift towards promoting a positive food culture that considers social, economic, technological, and political factors, emphasizing the need for holistic, multi-strategy approaches to improve habitual food behaviors, values, and beliefs for better public health outcomes.

Ndour, Pape Abdou. “Food: Identity of Culture and Religion, Researchgate.” WATHI, 9 Sept. 2020, www.wathi.org/food-identity-of-culture-and-religion-researchgate/. 

Food significantly shapes cultural identity, linking individuals to their heritage and regional customs. It is closely connected to religious practices, symbolizing respect and spiritual well-being. Food-related customs, including table manners and dietary rules, vary greatly across cultures and foster social bonding and communication. Investigating food traditions provides insights into cultural values and societal roles, emphasizing symbolic meanings and the importance of hospitality in various communities. Ultimately, understanding a culture through its cuisine offers profound insights into its lifestyle and social dynamics.

Dudenhoefer, Nicole. “A Taste of Home.” Pegasus Magazine, 15 Aug. 2022, www.ucf.edu/pegasus/a-taste-of-home/. 

Food is a central part of human experiences, from daily routines to special occasions, shaping and reflecting our relationships, cultures, and histories. Professor Ty Matejowsky highlights food’s universal appeal and its power to express cultural identity. The Philippines exemplifies this through its cuisine, which blends Asian, Spanish, and American influences, showcasing the country’s complex cultural history. Additionally, immigrants often adapt their culinary traditions to new environments, creating unique dishes that blend familiar and local ingredients, as seen in the experiences of international students and communities. Understanding food’s role in our lives can foster a sense of community and connection across diverse cultures.

Wright, Kathrine E, et al. “The Impact That Cultural Food Security Has on Identity and Well-Being in the Second-Generation U.S. American Minority College Students.” Food Security, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829482/. 

Food is important for both health and expressing who we are culturally. When second-generation American students can’t access their cultural foods, they may feel stressed and disconnected from their identity. A study of 16 students at the University of Nevada, Reno, showed that having access to cultural foods helps them feel happier and more connected, while not having them can increase anxiety and depression. Improving access to these foods can support their well-being in college.

“Only when the tide goes out,” Warren Buffett observed, “do you discover who’s been swimming naked” Michael Pollan tells us in “The Sickness in Our Food Supply”. This very accurately describes what the 2020 pandemic did with our supply chains. When the globe shut down and only basic operations were permitted it exposed failures the world did not know to exist at that time. These flaws especially had a significant impact not only production of food/crops but also distribution. These directly influenced diets across the globe and further exacerbated the struggle in healthcare. 

Historically the food producers (farmers) have been protected by government anti-trust laws set in place in President Regan’s era that were set in place to protect the farmer allowing them to still provide product as companies merged and dissolved, keeping the farmer protected throughout this process. Many farmers were then allowed to sell into specific markets, for example the one farmer who raised chickens for eggs into the liquid egg market for school and hospital cafeterias. During this time many people, like myself, turned to local markets and friends for eggs until even those were overstressed and had more consumers than product (eggs). Eventually my family reduced our egg consumption and replaced our breakfasts with other options, including processed foods as we too became a victim of these anti-trust laws. These specializations allowed farmers to lock into a market appropriate to sustain themselves amid larger corporation changes. These laws originated in the late 1800s but the changes Regan made consolidated many companies leaving the producers (farmers) in a vulnerable state as these laws have been historically re-adopted as time passed, even in an ever-changing technological society.

With this change to the antitrust law, these specialized producers are left even more vulnerable when COVID hits as their main consumer, using the school cafeteria egg example, is no longer a consumer when the government shut down hits. That liquid egg producer can no longer sell their product and because of specialization cannot process the eggs for pasteurization and grading to sell as whole eggs. This leaves the farmer no choice but to euthanize their hens (Pollan). 

Now, the United States has a dual food chain system which those selling to the industry and those selling to grocery stores and other local opportunites. Even these farmers then became impacted if those companies they utilized were not able to complete a packaging or shipping part of the process. A good example is the largest meat packaging company, Tyson, that because of the nature of the job and the close proximity of workers and lack of personal protective equipment and social distancing had massive virus outbreaks and closures, leaving meat in slaughterhouses not being processed (Pollan). Tyson’s chairman stated at the peak of the COVID outbreak that Americas’ food chain was failing due to this lack of exposure prevention, which resulted in a President initiated defense act forcing processing plants to open despite the rise in COVID cases. Again, had the consolidation of meat packaging not been so large, there would have been a smaller impact with multiple production companies packaging meat, highlighting the direct effect the antitrust law has on the food chain.

Physical food supply chains throughout the pandemic also had major impacts on farmers. Bulk products were not able to be re-routed, packaging supplies stuck in freighters unable to be processed, and the normally “cheap” labor workers fell ill and were unable to work (Pollan). This also led to more product wastage and shortages in grocery stores. I recall many empty shelves in the stores and my parents constantly changing what dinners we would be having based on what was available and holiday dinners being far different than before. We were fortunate in that we were able to get what we needed to survive and didn’t have to go without like many did.

Each of these contributing factors all resulted in diminished food supply, rising costs and even some grocers capitalizing on this, further complicating the food supply. An article in the New York Times mentions a report published by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that many retailers “seem to have used rising costs as an opportunity to further hike prices” (Ngo). This continues even now, four years after the start of the pandemic. Adding this monopolization to the struggling food chain further impacts society altogether in healthcare.

Diminished food supply and the rising cost of healthy fresh produce and unprocessed meats, cheeses and other foods has increased obesity and the prevalence of underlying issues like diabetes and heart disease (Pollan). Adding this to the already rampant COVID virus, many individuals now have a higher risk of more serious illness. As a healthcare worker I now am seeing these patients in the hospital I work. Our patient population consists of many inner city elderly and lower income individuals who were directly impacted by this rise in the cost of food. In addition to a higher risk population, the globe now faces the burnout and mental health struggle of the healthcare worker. A study published by the National Institute of Health concluded that “Healthcare workers’ mental well-being has been affected negatively by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in depression, anxiety, and stress” (Alhouri et al.). I too am seeing this in many of my fellow healthcare workers even now after the biggest strain to date from COVID has passed.

Pollen stresses that much reform is needed in the American food system in stopping and dissolving monopolies in the food chain, protecting the workers and making food more affordable for all to prevent further injury to the chain itself, the overall health of the American and the well being of our healthcare workers. From what we all witnessed during the pandemic and even now it is clearly evident that change is needed to protect us from future weakness in our food chain.

In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerabilities and systemic flaws within our food supply chains. The historical protection once provided to farmers through antitrust laws has been eroded simply by the lack of updates, leaving specialized producers in precarious positions when their markets abruptly disappeared. The consolidation of food processing companies, like Tyson, amplified the impact of the pandemic, resulting in severe disruptions and failures within the food chain. These disruptions led to widespread food wastage, increased costs, and exacerbated health issues among the population due to limited access to affordable, healthy food. Furthermore, the stress on the healthcare system was intensified, not only by the increased health risks from poor diets but also by the mental health struggles faced by healthcare workers. As Pollan emphasizes, comprehensive reform is crucial to dismantle monopolies within the food industry, ensure fair treatment of workers, and make nutritious food accessible to all, thereby safeguarding the food chain and improving public health and well-being.

Works Cited

Alhouri, Abdullah, et al. “Covid-19 and its impact on healthcare workers: Understanding stigma, stress, and quality of life.” Cureus, 19 Apr. 2023, https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37846. 

Ngo, Madeleine. “Large Grocers Took Advantage of Pandemic Supply Chain Disruptions, F.T.C. Finds.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 21 Mar. 2024, www.nytimes.com/2024/03/21/us/politics/grocery-prices-pandemic-ftc.html. 

Pollan, Michael. “The Sickness in Our Food Supply.” Michael Pollan, 2 Apr. 2024, michaelpollan.com/articles-archive/the-sickness-in-our-food-supply/. 

As a child growing up my parents always had a rule- you don’t have to like it but try it once. In this I was exposed to many foods I wouldn’t have tried on my own. We traveled to Epcot a lot and we enjoyed foods from different cultures. We found local restaurants that introduced us to the Indian dish saag paneer or the Korean bimibap. We had our own family traditions like the Irish corned beef and cabbage, polish kilbasa and pirogi. I’ve always been interested in different food and cultures and wanted to learn more about other cultural food traditions and how fusion foods have been fueled by modern social media and television. Here are a few sources I will start with. 

Baer-Sinnott, S. (2020). Food is a window to cultural diversity | U.S. news. https://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/articles/food-is-a-window-to-cultural-diversity 

Ewing-Chow, D. (2024, April 2). New Movement emphasizes the role of culture in Global Food Security. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/daphneewingchow/2024/03/31/policy-makers-should-not-overlook-the-role-of-culture-in-food-security/ 

Jackson, A. (2021). Food and culture. JSTOR DAILY. https://daily.jstor.org/food-and-culture/ 

Mingay, E., Hart, M., Yoong, S., & Hure, A. (2021, November 15). Why we eat the way we do: A call to consider food culture in Public Health Initiatives. International journal of environmental research and public health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623951/ 

Ndour, P. A. (2020, September 9). Food: Identity of culture and religion, Researchgate. WATHI. https://www.wathi.org/food-identity-of-culture-and-religion-researchgate/ 

Reddy, G. (2020, February 18). Food, culture, and identity in Multicultural Societies: Insights from Singapore. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666319311602 

A taste of home. Pegasus Magazine. (2022, August 15). https://www.ucf.edu/pegasus/a-taste-of-home/

Wright, K. E., Lucero, J. E., Ferguson, J. K., Granner, M. L., Devereux, P. G., Pearson, J. L., & Crosbie, E. (2021). The impact that cultural food security has on identity and well-being in the second-generation U.S. American Minority College Students. Food security. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7829482/